Despite robust legislation enacted over fifteen years ago, smoking in public venues remains a widespread and largely unpunished practice across Chad, particularly within the bustling capital, N’Djamena.

A short stroll through N’Djamena vividly illustrates the stark contrast between written law and daily life. In major marketplaces, such as the central market or Dembé, vendors and shoppers openly light up amidst the crowds. The pervasive smoke mingles with dust and the aroma of food, creating an undeniable environmental challenge.

“We have grown accustomed to the cigarette smoke here; it’s a daily occurrence. While regulations have been put in place, no one seems to adhere to them. It’s truly unacceptable,” shared Pélagie, a fish vendor, expressing her frustration.

Christian added, “In many other nations, designated smoking zones exist, but regrettably, in Chad, everyone is intermingled. Even within schools and hospitals, individuals are seen smoking. Our government must decisively step up and enforce these responsibilities.”

Like Pélagie and Christian, countless Chadians find themselves unwilling passive smokers in various settings, from bars and restaurants to public taxis. “I suffer from asthma and am allergic to both cigarette and shisha smoke. This is precisely why I’ve stopped frequenting restaurants; the rules are simply not respected,” recounted one individual battling respiratory issues.

Exposure to passive smoking significantly elevates the risk of developing cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and various respiratory ailments for non-smokers. Children and pregnant women are particularly susceptible to these dangers. Furthermore, discarded cigarette butts contribute to street pollution and pose a serious fire hazard to the environment.

Chad’s Law n° 010/PR/2010, enacted on June 10, 2010, specifically prohibits smoking in all public places, enclosed workplaces, and public transportation. This comprehensive legislation also includes provisions to protect pregnant women and minors, alongside outlining applicable sanctions for violations.

Subsequent implementation decrees, notably decree n° 1522/PR/MSP/2019, further clarified the enforcement mechanisms. Public awareness campaigns were launched by the Ministry of Public Health and the N’Djamena city council, and an anti-tobacco brigade was even established. Yet, more than a decade later, the consistent application of this critical law remains one of Chad’s most formidable challenges.