A new wave of controversy has hit Gabon following the release of a government ordinance designed to regulate social media activities. Although the document was signed on February 26, it only began circulating publicly last week. The most debated aspect of this legislation is Article 4, which officially prohibits the use of aliases on digital platforms.

Under the new rules, every person using social media must be easily identifiable. The law requires users to display their full legal names and provide their Personal Identification Number (NIP). In the case of businesses, they are now required to register their official commercial records on their profiles.

The end of digital anonymity

Bienvenue Effayong, a content producer known by the moniker “Bitome” (which translates to “troubles” in the local language), is a vocal supporter of the measure. Despite his own use of a nickname, Effayong, who is seen as close to the current administration, frequently faces harsh criticism from anonymous accounts.

He expressed total support for the legislation, arguing that it brings much-needed accountability to the internet. According to him, many individuals hide behind fake identities and profiles to spread slander, hurl insults, or attempt to destabilize the country, believing they are immune to consequences. He asserts that everyone must now take responsibility for their online actions.

A blow to freedom of speech

On the other side of the debate, Marcel Libama, a former deputy of the Transition, views the ordinance as a major setback for civil liberties. He argues that the move violates the freedom of expression protected by the national Constitution. Libama describes the regulation as “liberticidal” and warns that it represents a dismantling of democratic principles in Gabon.

Because the ordinance was enacted while Parliament was not in session, it has taken immediate effect. However, it must still be presented to lawmakers, who possess the authority to amend, confirm, or strike it down. This legislative change comes at a time when social media services have been officially restricted in the country since last February.

The Gabonese government justifies these measures as a necessary step to protect the younger generation and curb digital abuses. The primary goals cited include stopping defamation, preventing verbal abuse, and halting efforts to undermine national institutions.